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Development of Islam in the world
Keep in mind that Pakistan is a country that broke away from India. In the 13th century s / d 15 Islam is growing rapidly in India, with evidence of Islamic kingdoms in India and places of worship buildings.
At the critical time of the Moghul Empire, the Dutch traders, French, English and Portuguese entered India. Then on the subsequent development of the British colonized India official. In 1947, Britain gave independence to India and also the end the triumph of Islam in India. In that year also Muslims then set up a separate new states of India, namely Pakistan. The importance of this country in the history and development of Islam mainly due to two things. First, the political struggle takes place at the same time with the struggle of the Hindus in India. Struggle that aims to establish a separate state for Muslims.
Secondly, Pakistan was instrumental in the development of science and philosophy, and successfully delivered a number of institutes of Islamic studies and Muslim intellectual caliber international.islam in Pakistan can progress rapidly so that Pakistan is a country with the second largest Muslim population in the world. Even Islamic law has been treated in Pakistan. Sayyid Qutb, the Egyptian Muslim Ihkwanul leaders, has said that it has now emerged the two great forces of Islam, namely Indonesia (South East Asia) and Pakistan (South Asia). Pakistan's military strength is also taken into account by the world with allegations that Pakistan has a nuclear weapons capability. In fact, American judge Pakistan, as the country's "Bomb Islaam" (Islamic Bomb).
The idea of the formation of a separate state for Muslims, begins with Sayyid Ahmad Khan, later coined by Muhammad Iqbal and finally direlisasi by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. In 1947 Britain handed over sovereignty to the two constitutional council, which is dated August 14, 1947 for Pakistan and for India on August 15. Since then, Pakistan was born as an Islamic state. Muhammad Ali Jinnah was appointed as governor general with the title "Quaidi-Azam" or a great leader.
Since the establishment of the state of Pakistan, Muslims try to apply Islamic concept of true Islamic state. The issue is a matter of prolonged debate in the National Assembly proposed by the government with reference to the Bill proceeds Muslim League session in March 1940, which should be in accordance with the Qur'an and hadith.
System of government which was formulated in 1940 the Muslim League passed a constitution in 1956. The constitution of the country called "The Islamic Republic of Pakistan". This constitution was later revised constitution that was born in 1962, which means another Iantara remove the word "Islam" and in return set up two institutes, the Advisory Council of Islamic Ideology and Islamic Research Institute. It occurs
2. Islam in India
Before Islam was born in Arabia, the Arab nations with Indian nations already know each other. With evidence of an Arab sword relic called "Muhannad Saif" means sword wrought by India. Then the words "Handasah" which means the geometry taken from the word "Hindu".
After introducing religion islam islam birth keIndia was Caliph Umar bin Khattab
In 16 H (636 M) Caliph Umar sent an army into Persia under the leadership of Saad bin Abi Waqas. He fought for 16 years, finally able to control the entire Persian then expanded into Khorasan and then forwarded to India.
At the time of Caliph Usman, Hakim bin Jabalah was sent to India, to explore the vast Indian country know it.
At the time of Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, the year 38 H (659 AD) Harrits Al Murrah Al Abdi mengyelidiki to India for the Indian roads, science and customs of India.
The arrival of Islam in India was Caliph arrasydin by peaceful means. Tetspi entry of Islam into India conducted by the Umayyad children with another path. Islam entered the Indian army began in the reign of the Umayyads based in Damascus.
Thus, it can be concluded that Islam entered India in the 7th century. then Islam can be grown rapidly in India, and Indian Muslim traders or Gujarat who brought Islam to Southeast Asian countries, such as Indonesia, Malacca, Singapore, and so on
Growing evidence that Islam in India with the establishment of Islamic empires and legacy.
Islamic kingdoms in India.
1.Kerajaan Sabaktakin
The kingdom stood Ghazwah Afghanistan under the leadership of the region Sabaktakin. He developed the Islamic religion and science.
Ghazi 2.Kerajaan
Empire founded by Aliudin Hudain Ghazi bin Husain (555 AH / 1186 AD), in Furoskoh, the slopes of the mountains of Afghanistan. The kingdom reached the height of glory in the time of Muhammad bin Abdul Muzafar Husain Al Ghazi. He gave independence Hindus and doing good to the slaves.
3.Kerjaan Mameluke
King of the bondsman spread Islam in India. He established a mosque in Delhi highway, named "Jami" and the high tower with the name "Qhutub Manar" is now a tourist attraction
4. Royal descent Kilji
The kingdom was established after the conquest of the Kingdom of the Mamelukes and Sultannya named Alaudin of Afghanistan. He no longer govern, because it appears the new kingdom of Taghlak of Turkish descent.
5. Work Taghlak
This is the last royal kingdom in India before the arrival of the Mongols. Among the king was Muhammad bin Taghlah and Firus Shah. After the royal Taghlak stand, then stand the Mongol empire of Islam in India with its kings, among others: Babur (1504-1530 AD), Humayun (1530-1550 AD), Akbar the Great (1556-1605 AD), Jikangir (1605-1627 AD ) and Jihan Shah (1627-1657 AD) who mecapai peak of glory. Syah Jihan build the "Taj Mahal" in Agra as a tribute to the beautiful and beloved queen. Construction of Taj Mahal swallowing time for 22 years with a force of 20,000 men
So, in India once the glory of Islam. Even so, until now Muslims in India as a minority position. A number of Islamic treasures and be controlled by Hindus attraction. Muslims in India are now about 100 million people, which means that India is the third largest Muslim population after Indonesia and Pakistan. Fate of Muslims in India is also the same as in other countries that people uslamnya minority, they see themselves suppressed, oppressed non-Muslim rulers or the people (Hindus) are a minority. For example, the destruction of the Babri mosque, Ayodhia, India in December 1992. occurred in Bombay massacre of around 100 thousand inhabitants, by a Hindu extremist party in power. Thousands of historic buildings were built the kings of Islam has become a pathetic debris, then be enumerated by Hindus attraction.
Please note, that in India ever born thinkers such reliable, Muhammad Iqbal, Shah Waliullah, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Abdul Kadir Ali Azad and sayi Amer.
3. Religion Islam In Russia
Islam entered Russia at the time of the Yuan Dynasty in power, then he became Muslim revolutionaries to overthrow the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368 AD). After the Yuan dynasty was replaced by the Ming Dynasty. Under Ming rule, Islam among other important positions, military, keintelekan, and government administration. In fact, a Muslim who named Sang Yu Chuin served as an advisor to supreme Emperor Ming of the first and named Hung Jer.
When the Yuan Dynasty was in power, the Emperor Barkah Khan embraced Islam. With Islam the tribes Dzahabieh Barkah Khan (Mongolian group) many who converted to Islam.
In the years 1313-1340 AD, Dzahabieh tribe led by Uzbek Khan is trying to Islamize the whole tribe Dzahabieh. Then he made a strategy for spreading Islam to the entire territory of Russia. Islamic heritage in Russia, among others, buildings places of worship / mosque. However, the situation in Russia today is another sensible because the communist government that hate and want to destroy Islam from Russian territory. As experienced Muslim Chechnya lately due to the fierceness of the Russian communist army. Chechnya is a small country in those areas Caucasus, Russia with a population of 1.5 million and a Muslim majority. Named president Dzhokar Dudayef is a devout Muslim.
Since the date of December 11, 1994, Russian forces conduct large-scale aggression against Chechnya and Chechen keprisedenan captured the palace, which is the resistance and the independence of Chechnya. Although their homes were destroyed, droplets of blood and tears spilled in Chechnya Islamic world, they are still struggling to continue the struggle against communism and ready to die for Islam and the country.
4. Islam in Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a country in the Central Asian Republic. In 1991, Afghanistan has a population of 16,922,000 and 99% are Muslim. Tresminya language is Pushu, capital Kabul and its currency Afgani.
Islam entered Afghanistan, yaiti since the entry of Asim bin Umar Affamini the Caliph Umar bin Khattab entered. At the time of Caliph Uthman, Islam has entered into Kabul, and in the year 870 AD Islam has taken hold throughout the country of Afghanistan. Further development of Islam in Afghanistan run by leaps and bounds, no-hambnatan hamnbatan, with evidence Afganistna population 99% are Muslims.
Islamic religion is very influential in all aspects of their lives and if this disturbed, then they will be upset and continue to fight to defend it as we saw in the fight against the mujahideen Muslim gerliyawan prokomunis government. A civil war in Afghanistan due to the influence of American and sofyet Union (communist) to Afghanistan.
In 1933, Muhammad Zahir Shah's rise as king, then the United States da Union Sofyet trying to exert influence. In 1953, King Zahir lifting Muhammad Daud (communist cadres) as prime minister. Seeing this situation, Muslims considered that the Afghan government has strayed far from the teachings of Islam. Then the Muslims started to move, with the advent of Muslim Joint Struggle organization called "Muslim Juanan" then in 1968 changed its name to Al-Islamiya Al-association under the leadership of Burhanuddin Rabbani.
Union Sofyet angrier melhat the development of Islam. Then in 1972 under the influence of Sofyet Union, replacing Zair Muhammad Daud. In 1978 David was killed and replaced enumerated by Nur Taraki as president. At that time, the clerics issued a fatwa to condemn and mengafirkan Taraki and requires jihad war to overthrow him. That places the struggle of the Afghan mujahideen. Then in 1970 Sofyet Union entered Afghanistan with a puppet president, Babrak Kamal. The action was condemned internationally, including President Jimmy Carter boycotted the Moscow Olympics, and many residents who fled to Pakistan. The stronger the mujahideen struggle with the merger of seven organizations into one by the name of "Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen" denagn purpose of enforcing the sentence of Allah SWT. Liberate Afghanistan from the state and communist infidel powers to establish an Islamic government in Afghanistan. As the high command is Abdul Rasul Saiyat Rabbani.
War peaked in 1987, with the help of American and British arms, and ended with the Union Sofyet suffered heavy losses. Finally, in 1989 the Union Sofyet withdraw all its troops from Afghanistan. Resistance fighters continued melawn Najibullah government (since 1987), because the scholars issued a fatwa that infidel and the regime is dying in the war against the regime was martyred. Famous scholars who were born in Afghanistan, Ibn Hibban Al-Basti (Hadith and Fiqh scholars: 342 H/952 M), Abu Bakr Ahmad al-Bayhaqi (author of the 14th century history), and as a driver of Pan Islamism (century 19) in Afghanistan named Said Jamaluddin Al Afgani.
5. Islam in the PRC
Islam entered China region around the 10th century, ie directly from the Arabs and the merchants who came from India. Islam entered China by land and sea trade through the so-called Silk Road. The first time the spread of Islam in China during the Tang Dynasty.
Through the association, and trade with Arab traders marriage with a native Chinese, then enter their Islam. Indian people who wander into Indonesia, Malaysia, sometimes-kang layover in China. When stopped in china they (the Indians) to spread Islam to the natives of China, and the people who embrace Islam are many who reside in China.
H. You Nusi Maliangjie Muhammad (68) is one of the leaders of Islam in China who've been to Indonesia. He is a great priest Chin Cheen The She (Grand Mosque) in the PRC Central, one of the eight largest mosque in China. The mosque was built 1300 years ago a blend of Islamic and Chinese architectural treasures and can accommodate 8000 worshipers.
According to you Nusi, the number of Muslims in China are now around 20 million. Islam in China can grow rapidly, although it adheres to the communist country. The number of Muslims who perform the Hajj each year is increasing, and in 1994 reached 2000 people. There is a perceived obstacle Muslims in its development, a system that allows people berproganda communism anti-religion.
6. Islam in ASEAN Countries
a.Agama Islam in Indonesia
Regarding the development of Islam in Indonesia it specifically discussed in chapter development of Islam in Indonesia. Therefore, proponents of this discussion, we only write briefly. Islam entered Indonesia in the 7th century of Islam brought by Arab traders, Gujarat and Malabar. How to broadcast Islam peacefully without violence or coercion. The areas initially entered Islam is North Sumatra, West Sumatra and Central Java.
The development of Islam in Sumatra can be rapidly after Srivijaya empire declined, especially in the Ocean Pasai. Samudera Pasai evolved from Islam to Malacca, Minangkabau, Riau, Tapanuli and others.
Islam entered Java in the reign of Queen Sima (674 M) and Islam can develop rapidly after the Majapahit Hindu empire in decline. Sanagt Adapaun the meritorious acts and broadcast to the Islamic religion seleruh over Java is Wali Songo.
While the development of Islam in Sulawesi not as quickly as in Sumatra and Java, because of the conflict with Islam is not Islam empire for political gain.
The development of Islam in Kalimantan is very rapid, since the year 1550 AD Sultan Suryanullah Demak send the prince to teach Islam to the people of Borneo. Islam religion growing in Kutai ± 157 M year, in Brunei since the 15th century to, in West Kalimantan since 1550 AD, and the Dayak tribe in 1677 AD Along with the development of the religion of Islam stood Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia, among others, in Demak, Pajang, Mataram, Banten, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Sumatra.
Islam in Indonesia can develop well and rapidly. It was evident approximately 88% (1985) of the population adheres to Islam, then the places of worship were built in every towns, villages and so forth. Study places, places of TPA or the Qur'an Education Park almost in every village there. In addition, during the festival of Eid al-Fitr, the feast of Sacrifice we can see Muslims flock to the field to pray. Also in the distribution of zakat fitrah, slaughtering sacrificial animals and the pilgrimage to Mecca, which every year pilgrims Indonesia continues to increase and for 1995 pilgrims (who signed up) samapai 240,000 people thus exceeding the quota.
The rise of the veil in schools and college campuses, the rise of campus missionary movement, the birth of youth organizations mosques, Islamic schools lightning during the school holidays, the birth of ICMI, Bank Muamalat, Islamic insurance and so on. All of it, shows that Islam can thrive well in Indonesia.
b. Islam in Singapore
The development of Islam in Singapore is virtually no barriers, both political and bureaucratic. Muslims in Singapore ± 15% of the total population, ie ± 476 000 Muslims. As an Islamic center there temapt ± 80 mosques there. On July 1, 1968, established MUIS (Singapore Islamic Scholars Assembly) which has responsibility for the activities of religious, health, education, the economy, society and culture of Islam.
c.Agama Islam in Thailand
Islam entered Thailand with the kingdom through Pasai (Aceh). When the Kingdom of Pasai conquered Thailand, the king Zainal Abidin and many Muslim people were detained. After they pay their ransom removed from prisoners, and the prisoners there is a home and there is also a menetapa in Thailand, so they spread the religion of Islam.
When the king of Thailand hit Sultan Muzaffar Shah (1424-1444) from Malak to keep tuduk pays tribute to Thailand with 40 gold per year Tahil rejected, then the King Pra Chan Wadi attacked Malacca, but the attack failed. In the reign of Shah Sultan Mansour (1444-1477) Thai soldiers in Pahang can be cleaned. Thai king named deputy Sure God can be detained, but he was treated well. In fact, his daughter was taken by the wife of Shah Mansour to eliminate hostility between Thailand to Malacca. As of late, the Pattani Muslims long enough under pressure and persecution from the regime Bangkok Buddhist
d. Islam in the Philippines
Based on the records of Captain Thomas Forst in 1775 AD, there are Arabs who first entered the island of Mindanao (Philippines) was named Preacher Kebungsuan the 15th century AD While the spread of Islam in Sulu island is Sayid Abdul Aziz (Sidi Abdul Aziz) from Jeddah. These scholars also Islamize the first king of Malacca which was originally Hindu, ie Permaisura replaced by Muhammad Shah. Then compiled by Abu Bakr preachers who spread Islam to Sulu Island, Luzon Island, and so on.
Muslims in the Philippines are a minority and their fate is now very alarming. Like the fate of Muslims in Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, where Muslims get interference, pressure and even extermination of hostile parties. Until now, the Moro Muslims continue to struggle for autonomy because they are always oppressed and treated as second-class citizens by the Manila government. Therefore, the Moro Muslims continue to fight to defend themselves, religion and identity as Muslims.
e. Islam in Malaysia (Malacca)
Around the 14th century, Islam was brought into Malaysia by traders from Arabia, Persia, Gujarat and Malabar. In addition, there is a cleric named Sidi Abdul Aziz from Jeddah who Islamize government officials and then formed Malacca Malacca Islamic work with the first king Sultan Permaisura. After he passed away was replaced by Sultan Iskandar Shah and Islam increased advanced broadcasting, during Mansour Sultan Shah (1414-1477 AD). Sultan like straps connecting friendships with other kingdoms such as Sham, Majapahit, and China.
Heyday of Malacca can be nurtured again little by little by Aludin Sultan Shah I, as the successor of Muhammad Shah. Then the central government from Kampar to Johor (Malay Peninsula). Sultan Shah Alaudin I recognized as the first Sultan of Johor and the Johor state nertambah increasingly crowded with the arrival of the traders and settlers. Until now the development of Islam in Malaysia increasingly advanced and rapidly, with evidence of many mosques are built, is also seen in the implementation of the pilgrims were so good. So it can be said that perkemabangan Islam in Malaysia, there are no barriers. In fact, affirmed the country's constitution that Islam is the official religion of the state. In kelantan, hudud (Islamic criminal law) has been in force since 1992. kelantan is controlled by the state opposition party, the Party of Al-Islam se-Malaysia (PAS) that Islamic ideology. In the 1990 general election defeat UMNO and PAS led by Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat, who served as Chief Minister of Kelantan.
f. Islam in Brunei Darussalam
Islam in Brunei can develop well without any obstacles. In fact, Islam is the official religion in Brunei country. For further development of the Islamic religion has brought scholars from abroad, including from Indonesia. Many mosques founded. Muslims in Brunei enjoy life completely in accordance with its name sejahtrera Darussalam (land of peace).
Per capita income of the country is among the highest in the world. Education and health care is provided free of charge by the government. Brunei Darussalam is a country in Southeast Asia's youngest country (independence in 1984 from Britain). Brunei Darussalam majority population is Muslim.
B. Religion Islam In America
1. Of Islam in America
Islam arrived in the Americas (likely) after the collapse of the Umayyads in Spain in 1492 AD, because they could not live under the pressure of King Ferdinand that choose to make a living in the new country. Other authors suspect that Islam arrived in the Americas by Columbus in his voyage guided by a navigator and crew who are Muslims from Andalusia or Morocco, or the existence of settlements Muslim prisoners around the 16th century until the 18th century. It should be acknowledged that the official record of this case has not been obtained, but the people of Africa and other (Muslim area) in the late 19th century many migrated to the United States and Canada with a variety of motives and goals, the more so after the American appeared as one one superpower then berdatanganlah Muslim students living there for some time.
2. Development of Islam in America
America is at once secular liberal democracy or the principle of separation between religion and state (sparation of church and state) but very broad giving religious freedom to his people. Originally considered Islam the religion of the Middle-Eastern immigrants or Pakistani who resides in several cities. Further increased so that it appears an Islamic force called "Black Moslem". Black Nmoslem founded by Elijah Muhammad in Chicago. As the name implies Black Moslem got a lot of followers, especially from those who were black. Black Moslem supported by black people and the fight for equal rights. Elijah Muhammad in his organization took the principles of the teachings of Islam that does not distinguish color.
During the development of Islamic religious leaders increasingly widespread. This was evidenced by the many figures who converted to Islam, like Malcolm a national figure as the American Negro orator Cassius Clay and former heavyweight boxing champion. Malcolm changed his name after converting to Islam Al-Hajj Malik Al-Sabah. Cassius Clay is being renamed to Muhammad Ali. Elijah preaching through the mass media publishes Muhammad Speak in 1960. He taught that God is present in private "wallace fard". Himself as the prophet Muhammad and Black Moslem. He died on 25 February and was succeeded his son Wallace Muhammad or Warisudin Muhammad. During the leadership Warisudin, Islam developed not only increased embraced by the people who were black, but thrive in the American national community. Teachings of Islam is that it conveys not only for black people, but all people of any color to his skin. He also held an update and align the teachings of the lack of proper, including
1. Settling in the field of dogma, he asserted that Fard Muhammad and Elijah Muhammad is not God not a prophet, he solidified the two sentences creed to his followers.
2. Tata tertibdi he fix the mosque, the first in which there are chairs as Christian influence was removed, also fasting in the month of December to be replaced with in the month of Ramadan.
In 1976 Walaace Mohammed (Mohammed Warisudin) change the name of the Nation of Islam to World Comunity of Islam in West. The name change was intended to target the teachings of Islam and the defendant wider scope. In the same year he was establishing an imam (Council of Imams) consists of six people who coordinate religious activities. Muhammad Speak magazine changed to Bilalian News took the name of Bilal bin Rabah companions.
On 30 April 1980 the organization World Comunity of Islam in West changed its name to the American Muslim Mission (AMM) to make it more clear the organization's mission as a missionary. Islamic Institute in Chicago are coming from churches that have been purchased. The building complete with a mosque, lecture hall, hall, dormitory, library, dining room and kitchen as project organization International Islamic Conference in Jeddah. In Los Angeles there are Islamic Center as a center for public religious services, Sunday school teaching children, Arabic language courses, and so forth. In Mansfield, Indianapolis States there is an organization called the Islamic Society of Nort of America (ISNA), which has a piece of land has an area of 100 hectares. On the land built a mosque that can accommodate 1000 worshipers complete with library, study room and so forth.
ISNA coordinating student organizations such as the Muslim Student Asociation (MSA), musli physician organizations, and Muslim scholars. MSA already has a publishing office where books, namely MSA Islamic Book Service, studio recording, producing films tv and printing. Magazine published called Al-Ijtihad (unity). California established a madrassa in Al-Madina, this madrasa in 1972 only had 42 children, but the next year increased to 105 children. This shows the development of Islam in there pretty good. In Al-Madina Islamic sciences were taught all religions, Arabic, amtematika and the Qur'an.
C. Islam in Europe
1. Islam entered Europe
Muslims are entering the European continent since the request for assistance by Yulian Graf nobleman West Gothia Geuta ruling in North Africa to the governor of North Africa Musa bin Nushair to help families "Witiza" face of the rebel army seized roderik singgasan Witiza in 710 AD
The request was subsequently delivered by Moses to the Caliph Walid bin Abdul Malik in Damascus, was granted by the message that Moses be careful. Then as a guard sent the first expedition of 200 men led Tharif bin Malik who landed in Tarifa. Moses assured the success Tharif will sooth Graf Yulian, shipped next choice forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad led a valiant commander through tanger city continues across the straits are malignant, which we now know the name of the strait Giblaltar (Jabal Tariq) to perpetuate the name of Tariq. Tahriq troops landed in Spain in the year 91 H (710 M) just when the concentration of troops into the region Roderik northern Spain to quell the rebellion. What's interesting is when it all Thariq troops had landed, burned all the ships with the intention that no troops who fled to retreat. In front of his troops with fiery he said:
"The enemy is in front of you and the sea behind you, which then whatever be your choice"
Tariq forces then easily master some of the fort. With such tactics, then there is no choice but to go forward into battle against an enemy multiplying. At the battle of Xeres Rodherik also killed which means clear the way towards further success. Successfully captured city after city, such as Cordova, Malaga, capital of the Toledo District of West Ghotia.
The success has prompted Tariq ibn Musa Nushair desire to catch up with him, by bringing as many as 10,000 additional troops he came to Spain. The two met in Toledo, as it had been a dispute, however, can be reconciled by the Caliph. Both work together to continue further into the city of Aragon, Castylia, Zaragoza and Barcelona up to the mountains till Pyrenia. In only 7 years of almost the entire Andalusia already be in the hands of the Muslims, except Glacia.
In the reign of the Umayyads in Damascus, Andalusia led by Amir (governor) of them by his own son Musa, Abdul Aziz. The collapse of the greatness of the Umayyads in Damascus with the descendants of the founding daulah Abbasyah under the leadership of Abdul Abbas As Safaf (blood shedders), based in Baghdad, which led to the whole family of the Umayyad Empire was crushed. However, one of the descendants of the Bani Umayyad, namely Abdur Rahman managed to escape and infiltrate into Spanish. There he founded the Umayyad Empire that survived since the 193-458 H (756-1065 AD).
Condition of Spanish society before Islam they embrace the Catholic religion, and Islam is widespread after not a few of those who embraced Islam voluntarily. Interfaith relations as long as it can run well because Islamic kings ruling gives freedom to profess their religion. Therefore, not surprising that there has been a mixing of blood as well, there were people yanng Arabic, Arabic customs mannered, though still embrace religion of their ancestors.
The existence of the Islamic empire in Spain is truly an intermediary once the torch of culture and civilization. Where the ancient science and philosophy rediscovered. In addition, Spain became a cultural center, as many scholars and students from all over the world gather to study in Granada, Cordova, Seville, and Toledo. In many cities of the leading scientists childbirth. Like Abdur Rabbi (leading writer), Ali ibn Hazn (author of 400 volumes of history, religion, logic, customs), Al Khatib (historian), Ibn Khaldun (philosopher known for his "Prolegomena"), Al Bakri and Al Idrisi (geographer), and Ibn Batuta was a famous wanderers who explored the lands of Islam in the world. Then the birth is also a philosopher to another, ie, Solomon ibn Gabirol, Abu Bakr Muhammad, Ibn Bajjah (12th century philosopher Aristotle pentafsir karya0karya), and Ibn Rushd (astrologers, as well as a physician and philosopher). The main contribution of Ibn Rushd in the field of medicine is encyclopedic book titled At Tibb Al Kuliyat fit, as well as a book of philosophy "Thahafut At Tahafut".
It should also be known that the role of Muslim women in Spain at that time not only take care of their kitchen, but they also gave a great contribution in the field of kesustraan, such Nazhun, Zaynab, Hamda, Hafsa, Al-Kalayyah, Safia and Marian from Seville (is a famous teacher). Women writers and women dokter0dokter, such Sysyah, Hasanah At Tamiyah and Umm ul Ula and many more. In the 12th century in Spain founded the first paper mill. The first memories of the event is the "Rim" through the word "Ralyme" (south of France) is taken from the Spanish "Risma" from the Arabic "Rizma" meaning bundle.
End of the rule of the Umayyads in Spain under the rule under Caliph Sulaiman, replaced by a small Islamic dynasties, such as Al-Murabithin, Al-Muhades (Almohads), and the sons of the kingdom ahmar. After eight centuries of Muslim control of Andalusia in the year 898 H (1492 AD). King Abdullah handed over the keys of Granada to Ferdinand leader of the Cross, which he subsequently occupied the Al Hambra palace, where before the Caliph Abdullah is willing to sign an agreement which consists of 72 chapters, among its contents, among others, Ferdinand will ensure the safety of the King of Bani Ahmar family life, as well as honor and wealth. In the meantime, religious freedom will be guaranteed against the Muslims who lived in Andalusia. However, the agreement later denied enumerated by Ferdinand himself and even king Abdullah urged all forces to convert to Christianity, expelled and refused jka their possessions confiscated.
The growth of Islamic religion in Europe today is quite difficult compared to preach in Asia-Africa, where people already secular, but because of the persistence of the preachers preach that the Islamic religion in its development both in quality and quantity. Especially after Paul Paul II opened the inter-religious dialogue, as did the Muslim leaders especially from Indonesia and the lifetimes of Pope John Paul II had invited Mneteri Religious Affairs to explain the practice of religious harmony in the country.
In Spain or Andalusia in 1975 a group of youths to Islam, they founded the Muslim community in Cordova. Then in 1978 they can perform Eid al-Adha prayers in Kathedtral (former mosque) after pleading permission Bishop of Cordoba Monseigneur Floredo Infantes. In fact, the mayor Tulio Anguila perform religious harmony theory. It offers Muslims use a city park with a large tent given for Eid al-Adha prayers and praying. There pre-run madrasa Dr. Umar Faruq Abdullah yng teach Arabic language, Qur'an sciences, tafsir, fiqh, hadith, and so forth.
In Belgium, the building also stands as a center of Islamic Center Islamic missionary activity. Muslims number about 150,000 people there. In 1980 in Brussels diselanggarakan Mukhtamar European Islam.
In Austria, the 15th century awala H. In 1979 the Islamic Center was opened in the city wina which can accommodate 30,000 worshipers, the mosque features jami ', Muslim's Social Service library, madrassa and residential priest. Islam religion officially recognized religion after Christianity.
In the Netherlands, in the city of Almelo has built a magnificent mosque. In this city also has set up a federation of Islamic organizations led by Abdul Wahid Van Bomel (native Dutch). Bomel fight for workers who are generally Muslims from South Asia and Africa in order to be given the opportunity to pray five times a day. On 14 October 1983 in the town Redderkerk built a mosque that can accommodate 500 worshipers include discussion rooms, a living room, a place of ablution, and so forth.
England, including one pretty good state Islamic development. This is supported by the pioneering work in the transfer of the Islamic University of Toledo in Spain to the UK. Since then England has the University of Cambridge and Oxford. Mozarabes one character who is very meritorious and active in spreading knowledge of Islam. He changed his name to Peter Al Ponsi, and he became court physician of King Henry I. Islamic Development done every holiday, Saturday and Sunday as well for children as well as adults. Several Muslim organizations in the UK.
1. The Islamic Council of Europe (European Islamic Majlis) serves as a watchdog of European culture.
2. The Union of Moslem Organization (Union of Islamic Organizations of England)
3. The Asociation of British Moslems (Muslim Association of Britain)
4. And Moslem Foundation Islamic Institute. Both are engaged in the research, consisting of the British people and immigrants
Built in central London Central Mosque (Grand Mosque) which completed construction in 1977 is located in Regents park, and can accommodate 4000 worshipers, equipped library and administrative space as well as social activities. In addition, British Muslims also buy a church for £ 85,000 in central London which will be the center of Islamic religious sciences education. Moslems here than the English themselves are also Arab immigrants, Turkey, Egypt, Cyprus, Yemen, Malaysia and others whose numbers ± 1 ½ million people (according to the records of The Union of Moslem Organization), and here Islam is the second religion after Christianity. The Qur'an was first introduced in the UK by Robert Katton that ditejemahkan into Latin. Then the first Arabic-English dictionary compiled EWLanes British scholar. This is also the land of Prince Charles appeared in 1985 a Muslim mayor Mohammed Ajeeb in Stradford England. And since then, the Muslim community and the students of the University of Oxford founded the "Center for the Study of Islam".
Roman Catholicism is the center of the country, there stands ± 917 Catholic churches, Protestant, ortodhox, greek or synagogue. The development of Islam in the land unlike other European countries. Nevertheless, since 1984 the Muslims succeeded in laying the first stone of a mosque in the park Morst dish in Pariali, namely an orderly area in Rome. During this time Muslims in Italy have a new mosque in the city of Catania Sicilia, and the middle of the mosque in 1995 Saudi Arabia's aid has inaugurated its use. The number of Muslims in Rome around 30,000 people, were in Italy (besides Rome) amounted to 29,000 worshipers.
D. Islam in Australia
1. Islam arrived in Australia
Islam arrived in Australia in the 19th century AD, brought by the nomads of Afghanistan who each take a trip armed with only a mat to pray. The Afghan nomads are able to establish long mosques in Broken Hill and New South Wales from wood, next to the Western Australian capital Perth and Adelaide the capital of Central Australia. 1924 entrants from Albania as a tobacco farmer in northern Australia increases the development of Islam here. Then after the end of World War II Yugoslav people who study in Central Australia led by Imam Ahmad Saka more intensified the construction of mosques in Adelaide as a center of religious activity. According to the 1975 statistics Australia has a population of 13.13 million people were 1% (132,000) are Muslims.
Development of Islam in Australia
a. Mosque construction
1) In the 20th century AD progression mosques in Austrlia was encouraging, because it was created by Australian architects themselves, such as 1907 Brisbone beautiful mosques founded by architect sharif Abosi and Ismeth Abidin.
2) Quesland founded in 1967 complete with the Islamic Center mosque led by Fethi Seit Mecca
3) In 1970 in Mareeba inaugurated the mosque which can accommodate 300 worshipers at Imam Haji Abdul Latif.
4) In the city Sarrey Hill built the Great Mosque Faisal help Saudi Arabia
5) In Sidney mosque was built at a cost of 900,000 U.S. dollas.
b. Place of Education
In Brisbone established "Quesland Islamic Society" to awaken the Muslim children prayers and improve the relationship. Their students from Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Turkey, Africa, Lebanon and Australia itself. Then in Goulbourn established "Goulbourn College of Advanced Education" which teacher education has spawned baccalaureate, master complete bachelor. Figures such as Dr Goulbourn College. El-Erian (escape from Egypt when Gamal Abdul Nasser in power).
c. Islamic organizations
1) Australian Federation of Islamic Councils (AFIC) is the set of Islamic councils based in Sydney Australia
2) The Federation of Islamic Societies is the Association of Muslim society, consists of 35 local Muslim community organizations and 9 boards Islamic states.
3) Student Asociation is Moslem Muslim Student Association which publishes the magazine "Al-Manaar" in Arabic, Australia and Mimaret (English)
4) Moslem Women's Center (center of Islamic women) that aims at providing Islamic lessons and English lessons for new Muslims who come to Australia are less fluent English.
E. Islam in Africa
1. Islam in Africa
Islam entered into mainland Africa during Caliph Umar bin Khattab, Amr bin Ash time appealed to the Caliph to expand the spread of Islam to Egypt because he saw that the Egyptian people have long suffered from being bullied by the Romans under King Muqauqis. So they are in need of a helping hand to free him from the oppression. Muqauqis actually interested about to convert to Islam after receiving a letter from the Prophet Muhammad. However, as more loving his throne as a mark of sympathy then he send gifts to the Prophet Muhammad.
In addition to the above reasons Amr bin Ash considers that the Egyptian military as well as perceived trade strategic location, fertile soil because there is the Nile as a source of food. So with the blessing of the Caliph Umar bin Khattab he freed Egypt from the Romans in the year 19 H (640 AD) to the present. He only brought 400 troops because most of them scattered in Persia and Syria. Thanks to good strategy and community support that release he managed to win the battles. At first entered the city of Al-Arisy and in this city there is no resistance, just after entering the Al-Farma, which is the gateway into Egypt to get resistance, by Amr bin Ash besieged city for 1 month. After Al-Farma fall, following the city also Bilbis, Tendonius, Ainu Sham to the fortress of Babylon (wax castles) which is the administrative center Muqauqis. At the time of going to invade Babylon who defended tooth and nail by the Muqauqis troops, reinforcements came 4,000 more troops led four famous commanders, namely Zubair bin Awwam, Mekdad bin Aswad, Ubadah bin Samit and Mukhollad thereby increasing the strength of the Muslim army was quite difficult to invade because the castle was surrounded by a river. Finally, in the year 22 H (642 AD) Muqauqis troops are willing to make peace with bi Amr Ash marking the end of Roman rule in Egypt.
2. Development of Islam in Africa
Pemabahasan the entry and development of Islam in Africa include some parts of the country, namely Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania, Nigeria, Mali, Ivory Coast, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Zambia and other-laannya. But that will be only partially addressed this time alone.
a. Egypt
Egypt was the first African region received an influx of Muslims in the continent, its population of approximately 42 million people, of which about Tigs million is what the rest of the Christian religion is Muslim. In fact, in the city of Alexandria is still awake all sorts of greatness Orthodox Christians without being bothered by the presence of Muslims. In Egypt there are eight universities among the famous to the rest of the world is Al-Azhar in Cairo, founded by Bani Fathimiyah in 972 AD There are many students who learned from around the world, including Indonesia, which mostly got a scholarship to study religion and public education such as medicine, and other techniques.
Meanwhile, the expanding influence of Islam in Tunisia region has occurred since the reign of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan years 23-35 H (644-656 AD) by Commander Abdullah bin Sa'ad bin Abi Sarah by destroying the Roman soldiers who had fallen in reputation. Thus forces Abdullah bin Sa'ad easily mastered. Being the entry of Islam into North Africa Maghribil Aqsa or after berdirnya daulah led Umayyad Caliph Walid bin Abdul Malik, who gave the task to the commander Musa bin Nushair who eventually appointed as the governor of the region.
b. Libya
Ghadafi Mouamar country is the hottest region in the Middle East, with an area of 1,795,540 km populous ± 3 million people made up of Arabs, Berbers and Palestine almost entirely Muslim. The people living from agriculture, and after the discovery of oil wells some of the population into high-quality workforce in this industry, the rest rely on foreign workers.
c. Nigeria
Nigeria is located in west Africa, including oil-rich countries are exported to the USA's second largest after Saudi Arabia. Population consists of various ethnic groups amounted to ± 90 million and 75% are Muslim and the rest Christian Animism. Countries that enjoy the influence of Islam in Africa and up to now the majority of the population are Muslims, among others, Morocco, Sudan, Al-Jazair, and Ethiopia.
Sources: http://hbis.wordpress.com/2007/12/11/perkembangan-islam-di-dunia/
Keep in mind that Pakistan is a country that broke away from India. In the 13th century s / d 15 Islam is growing rapidly in India, with evidence of Islamic kingdoms in India and places of worship buildings.
At the critical time of the Moghul Empire, the Dutch traders, French, English and Portuguese entered India. Then on the subsequent development of the British colonized India official. In 1947, Britain gave independence to India and also the end the triumph of Islam in India. In that year also Muslims then set up a separate new states of India, namely Pakistan. The importance of this country in the history and development of Islam mainly due to two things. First, the political struggle takes place at the same time with the struggle of the Hindus in India. Struggle that aims to establish a separate state for Muslims.
Secondly, Pakistan was instrumental in the development of science and philosophy, and successfully delivered a number of institutes of Islamic studies and Muslim intellectual caliber international.islam in Pakistan can progress rapidly so that Pakistan is a country with the second largest Muslim population in the world. Even Islamic law has been treated in Pakistan. Sayyid Qutb, the Egyptian Muslim Ihkwanul leaders, has said that it has now emerged the two great forces of Islam, namely Indonesia (South East Asia) and Pakistan (South Asia). Pakistan's military strength is also taken into account by the world with allegations that Pakistan has a nuclear weapons capability. In fact, American judge Pakistan, as the country's "Bomb Islaam" (Islamic Bomb).
The idea of the formation of a separate state for Muslims, begins with Sayyid Ahmad Khan, later coined by Muhammad Iqbal and finally direlisasi by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. In 1947 Britain handed over sovereignty to the two constitutional council, which is dated August 14, 1947 for Pakistan and for India on August 15. Since then, Pakistan was born as an Islamic state. Muhammad Ali Jinnah was appointed as governor general with the title "Quaidi-Azam" or a great leader.
Since the establishment of the state of Pakistan, Muslims try to apply Islamic concept of true Islamic state. The issue is a matter of prolonged debate in the National Assembly proposed by the government with reference to the Bill proceeds Muslim League session in March 1940, which should be in accordance with the Qur'an and hadith.
System of government which was formulated in 1940 the Muslim League passed a constitution in 1956. The constitution of the country called "The Islamic Republic of Pakistan". This constitution was later revised constitution that was born in 1962, which means another Iantara remove the word "Islam" and in return set up two institutes, the Advisory Council of Islamic Ideology and Islamic Research Institute. It occurs
2. Islam in India
Before Islam was born in Arabia, the Arab nations with Indian nations already know each other. With evidence of an Arab sword relic called "Muhannad Saif" means sword wrought by India. Then the words "Handasah" which means the geometry taken from the word "Hindu".
After introducing religion islam islam birth keIndia was Caliph Umar bin Khattab
In 16 H (636 M) Caliph Umar sent an army into Persia under the leadership of Saad bin Abi Waqas. He fought for 16 years, finally able to control the entire Persian then expanded into Khorasan and then forwarded to India.
At the time of Caliph Usman, Hakim bin Jabalah was sent to India, to explore the vast Indian country know it.
At the time of Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, the year 38 H (659 AD) Harrits Al Murrah Al Abdi mengyelidiki to India for the Indian roads, science and customs of India.
The arrival of Islam in India was Caliph arrasydin by peaceful means. Tetspi entry of Islam into India conducted by the Umayyad children with another path. Islam entered the Indian army began in the reign of the Umayyads based in Damascus.
Thus, it can be concluded that Islam entered India in the 7th century. then Islam can be grown rapidly in India, and Indian Muslim traders or Gujarat who brought Islam to Southeast Asian countries, such as Indonesia, Malacca, Singapore, and so on
Growing evidence that Islam in India with the establishment of Islamic empires and legacy.
Islamic kingdoms in India.
1.Kerajaan Sabaktakin
The kingdom stood Ghazwah Afghanistan under the leadership of the region Sabaktakin. He developed the Islamic religion and science.
Ghazi 2.Kerajaan
Empire founded by Aliudin Hudain Ghazi bin Husain (555 AH / 1186 AD), in Furoskoh, the slopes of the mountains of Afghanistan. The kingdom reached the height of glory in the time of Muhammad bin Abdul Muzafar Husain Al Ghazi. He gave independence Hindus and doing good to the slaves.
3.Kerjaan Mameluke
King of the bondsman spread Islam in India. He established a mosque in Delhi highway, named "Jami" and the high tower with the name "Qhutub Manar" is now a tourist attraction
4. Royal descent Kilji
The kingdom was established after the conquest of the Kingdom of the Mamelukes and Sultannya named Alaudin of Afghanistan. He no longer govern, because it appears the new kingdom of Taghlak of Turkish descent.
5. Work Taghlak
This is the last royal kingdom in India before the arrival of the Mongols. Among the king was Muhammad bin Taghlah and Firus Shah. After the royal Taghlak stand, then stand the Mongol empire of Islam in India with its kings, among others: Babur (1504-1530 AD), Humayun (1530-1550 AD), Akbar the Great (1556-1605 AD), Jikangir (1605-1627 AD ) and Jihan Shah (1627-1657 AD) who mecapai peak of glory. Syah Jihan build the "Taj Mahal" in Agra as a tribute to the beautiful and beloved queen. Construction of Taj Mahal swallowing time for 22 years with a force of 20,000 men
So, in India once the glory of Islam. Even so, until now Muslims in India as a minority position. A number of Islamic treasures and be controlled by Hindus attraction. Muslims in India are now about 100 million people, which means that India is the third largest Muslim population after Indonesia and Pakistan. Fate of Muslims in India is also the same as in other countries that people uslamnya minority, they see themselves suppressed, oppressed non-Muslim rulers or the people (Hindus) are a minority. For example, the destruction of the Babri mosque, Ayodhia, India in December 1992. occurred in Bombay massacre of around 100 thousand inhabitants, by a Hindu extremist party in power. Thousands of historic buildings were built the kings of Islam has become a pathetic debris, then be enumerated by Hindus attraction.
Please note, that in India ever born thinkers such reliable, Muhammad Iqbal, Shah Waliullah, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Abdul Kadir Ali Azad and sayi Amer.
3. Religion Islam In Russia
Islam entered Russia at the time of the Yuan Dynasty in power, then he became Muslim revolutionaries to overthrow the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368 AD). After the Yuan dynasty was replaced by the Ming Dynasty. Under Ming rule, Islam among other important positions, military, keintelekan, and government administration. In fact, a Muslim who named Sang Yu Chuin served as an advisor to supreme Emperor Ming of the first and named Hung Jer.
When the Yuan Dynasty was in power, the Emperor Barkah Khan embraced Islam. With Islam the tribes Dzahabieh Barkah Khan (Mongolian group) many who converted to Islam.
In the years 1313-1340 AD, Dzahabieh tribe led by Uzbek Khan is trying to Islamize the whole tribe Dzahabieh. Then he made a strategy for spreading Islam to the entire territory of Russia. Islamic heritage in Russia, among others, buildings places of worship / mosque. However, the situation in Russia today is another sensible because the communist government that hate and want to destroy Islam from Russian territory. As experienced Muslim Chechnya lately due to the fierceness of the Russian communist army. Chechnya is a small country in those areas Caucasus, Russia with a population of 1.5 million and a Muslim majority. Named president Dzhokar Dudayef is a devout Muslim.
Since the date of December 11, 1994, Russian forces conduct large-scale aggression against Chechnya and Chechen keprisedenan captured the palace, which is the resistance and the independence of Chechnya. Although their homes were destroyed, droplets of blood and tears spilled in Chechnya Islamic world, they are still struggling to continue the struggle against communism and ready to die for Islam and the country.
4. Islam in Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a country in the Central Asian Republic. In 1991, Afghanistan has a population of 16,922,000 and 99% are Muslim. Tresminya language is Pushu, capital Kabul and its currency Afgani.
Islam entered Afghanistan, yaiti since the entry of Asim bin Umar Affamini the Caliph Umar bin Khattab entered. At the time of Caliph Uthman, Islam has entered into Kabul, and in the year 870 AD Islam has taken hold throughout the country of Afghanistan. Further development of Islam in Afghanistan run by leaps and bounds, no-hambnatan hamnbatan, with evidence Afganistna population 99% are Muslims.
Islamic religion is very influential in all aspects of their lives and if this disturbed, then they will be upset and continue to fight to defend it as we saw in the fight against the mujahideen Muslim gerliyawan prokomunis government. A civil war in Afghanistan due to the influence of American and sofyet Union (communist) to Afghanistan.
In 1933, Muhammad Zahir Shah's rise as king, then the United States da Union Sofyet trying to exert influence. In 1953, King Zahir lifting Muhammad Daud (communist cadres) as prime minister. Seeing this situation, Muslims considered that the Afghan government has strayed far from the teachings of Islam. Then the Muslims started to move, with the advent of Muslim Joint Struggle organization called "Muslim Juanan" then in 1968 changed its name to Al-Islamiya Al-association under the leadership of Burhanuddin Rabbani.
Union Sofyet angrier melhat the development of Islam. Then in 1972 under the influence of Sofyet Union, replacing Zair Muhammad Daud. In 1978 David was killed and replaced enumerated by Nur Taraki as president. At that time, the clerics issued a fatwa to condemn and mengafirkan Taraki and requires jihad war to overthrow him. That places the struggle of the Afghan mujahideen. Then in 1970 Sofyet Union entered Afghanistan with a puppet president, Babrak Kamal. The action was condemned internationally, including President Jimmy Carter boycotted the Moscow Olympics, and many residents who fled to Pakistan. The stronger the mujahideen struggle with the merger of seven organizations into one by the name of "Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen" denagn purpose of enforcing the sentence of Allah SWT. Liberate Afghanistan from the state and communist infidel powers to establish an Islamic government in Afghanistan. As the high command is Abdul Rasul Saiyat Rabbani.
War peaked in 1987, with the help of American and British arms, and ended with the Union Sofyet suffered heavy losses. Finally, in 1989 the Union Sofyet withdraw all its troops from Afghanistan. Resistance fighters continued melawn Najibullah government (since 1987), because the scholars issued a fatwa that infidel and the regime is dying in the war against the regime was martyred. Famous scholars who were born in Afghanistan, Ibn Hibban Al-Basti (Hadith and Fiqh scholars: 342 H/952 M), Abu Bakr Ahmad al-Bayhaqi (author of the 14th century history), and as a driver of Pan Islamism (century 19) in Afghanistan named Said Jamaluddin Al Afgani.
5. Islam in the PRC
Islam entered China region around the 10th century, ie directly from the Arabs and the merchants who came from India. Islam entered China by land and sea trade through the so-called Silk Road. The first time the spread of Islam in China during the Tang Dynasty.
Through the association, and trade with Arab traders marriage with a native Chinese, then enter their Islam. Indian people who wander into Indonesia, Malaysia, sometimes-kang layover in China. When stopped in china they (the Indians) to spread Islam to the natives of China, and the people who embrace Islam are many who reside in China.
H. You Nusi Maliangjie Muhammad (68) is one of the leaders of Islam in China who've been to Indonesia. He is a great priest Chin Cheen The She (Grand Mosque) in the PRC Central, one of the eight largest mosque in China. The mosque was built 1300 years ago a blend of Islamic and Chinese architectural treasures and can accommodate 8000 worshipers.
According to you Nusi, the number of Muslims in China are now around 20 million. Islam in China can grow rapidly, although it adheres to the communist country. The number of Muslims who perform the Hajj each year is increasing, and in 1994 reached 2000 people. There is a perceived obstacle Muslims in its development, a system that allows people berproganda communism anti-religion.
6. Islam in ASEAN Countries
a.Agama Islam in Indonesia
Regarding the development of Islam in Indonesia it specifically discussed in chapter development of Islam in Indonesia. Therefore, proponents of this discussion, we only write briefly. Islam entered Indonesia in the 7th century of Islam brought by Arab traders, Gujarat and Malabar. How to broadcast Islam peacefully without violence or coercion. The areas initially entered Islam is North Sumatra, West Sumatra and Central Java.
The development of Islam in Sumatra can be rapidly after Srivijaya empire declined, especially in the Ocean Pasai. Samudera Pasai evolved from Islam to Malacca, Minangkabau, Riau, Tapanuli and others.
Islam entered Java in the reign of Queen Sima (674 M) and Islam can develop rapidly after the Majapahit Hindu empire in decline. Sanagt Adapaun the meritorious acts and broadcast to the Islamic religion seleruh over Java is Wali Songo.
While the development of Islam in Sulawesi not as quickly as in Sumatra and Java, because of the conflict with Islam is not Islam empire for political gain.
The development of Islam in Kalimantan is very rapid, since the year 1550 AD Sultan Suryanullah Demak send the prince to teach Islam to the people of Borneo. Islam religion growing in Kutai ± 157 M year, in Brunei since the 15th century to, in West Kalimantan since 1550 AD, and the Dayak tribe in 1677 AD Along with the development of the religion of Islam stood Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia, among others, in Demak, Pajang, Mataram, Banten, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Sumatra.
Islam in Indonesia can develop well and rapidly. It was evident approximately 88% (1985) of the population adheres to Islam, then the places of worship were built in every towns, villages and so forth. Study places, places of TPA or the Qur'an Education Park almost in every village there. In addition, during the festival of Eid al-Fitr, the feast of Sacrifice we can see Muslims flock to the field to pray. Also in the distribution of zakat fitrah, slaughtering sacrificial animals and the pilgrimage to Mecca, which every year pilgrims Indonesia continues to increase and for 1995 pilgrims (who signed up) samapai 240,000 people thus exceeding the quota.
The rise of the veil in schools and college campuses, the rise of campus missionary movement, the birth of youth organizations mosques, Islamic schools lightning during the school holidays, the birth of ICMI, Bank Muamalat, Islamic insurance and so on. All of it, shows that Islam can thrive well in Indonesia.
b. Islam in Singapore
The development of Islam in Singapore is virtually no barriers, both political and bureaucratic. Muslims in Singapore ± 15% of the total population, ie ± 476 000 Muslims. As an Islamic center there temapt ± 80 mosques there. On July 1, 1968, established MUIS (Singapore Islamic Scholars Assembly) which has responsibility for the activities of religious, health, education, the economy, society and culture of Islam.
c.Agama Islam in Thailand
Islam entered Thailand with the kingdom through Pasai (Aceh). When the Kingdom of Pasai conquered Thailand, the king Zainal Abidin and many Muslim people were detained. After they pay their ransom removed from prisoners, and the prisoners there is a home and there is also a menetapa in Thailand, so they spread the religion of Islam.
When the king of Thailand hit Sultan Muzaffar Shah (1424-1444) from Malak to keep tuduk pays tribute to Thailand with 40 gold per year Tahil rejected, then the King Pra Chan Wadi attacked Malacca, but the attack failed. In the reign of Shah Sultan Mansour (1444-1477) Thai soldiers in Pahang can be cleaned. Thai king named deputy Sure God can be detained, but he was treated well. In fact, his daughter was taken by the wife of Shah Mansour to eliminate hostility between Thailand to Malacca. As of late, the Pattani Muslims long enough under pressure and persecution from the regime Bangkok Buddhist
d. Islam in the Philippines
Based on the records of Captain Thomas Forst in 1775 AD, there are Arabs who first entered the island of Mindanao (Philippines) was named Preacher Kebungsuan the 15th century AD While the spread of Islam in Sulu island is Sayid Abdul Aziz (Sidi Abdul Aziz) from Jeddah. These scholars also Islamize the first king of Malacca which was originally Hindu, ie Permaisura replaced by Muhammad Shah. Then compiled by Abu Bakr preachers who spread Islam to Sulu Island, Luzon Island, and so on.
Muslims in the Philippines are a minority and their fate is now very alarming. Like the fate of Muslims in Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, where Muslims get interference, pressure and even extermination of hostile parties. Until now, the Moro Muslims continue to struggle for autonomy because they are always oppressed and treated as second-class citizens by the Manila government. Therefore, the Moro Muslims continue to fight to defend themselves, religion and identity as Muslims.
e. Islam in Malaysia (Malacca)
Around the 14th century, Islam was brought into Malaysia by traders from Arabia, Persia, Gujarat and Malabar. In addition, there is a cleric named Sidi Abdul Aziz from Jeddah who Islamize government officials and then formed Malacca Malacca Islamic work with the first king Sultan Permaisura. After he passed away was replaced by Sultan Iskandar Shah and Islam increased advanced broadcasting, during Mansour Sultan Shah (1414-1477 AD). Sultan like straps connecting friendships with other kingdoms such as Sham, Majapahit, and China.
Heyday of Malacca can be nurtured again little by little by Aludin Sultan Shah I, as the successor of Muhammad Shah. Then the central government from Kampar to Johor (Malay Peninsula). Sultan Shah Alaudin I recognized as the first Sultan of Johor and the Johor state nertambah increasingly crowded with the arrival of the traders and settlers. Until now the development of Islam in Malaysia increasingly advanced and rapidly, with evidence of many mosques are built, is also seen in the implementation of the pilgrims were so good. So it can be said that perkemabangan Islam in Malaysia, there are no barriers. In fact, affirmed the country's constitution that Islam is the official religion of the state. In kelantan, hudud (Islamic criminal law) has been in force since 1992. kelantan is controlled by the state opposition party, the Party of Al-Islam se-Malaysia (PAS) that Islamic ideology. In the 1990 general election defeat UMNO and PAS led by Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat, who served as Chief Minister of Kelantan.
f. Islam in Brunei Darussalam
Islam in Brunei can develop well without any obstacles. In fact, Islam is the official religion in Brunei country. For further development of the Islamic religion has brought scholars from abroad, including from Indonesia. Many mosques founded. Muslims in Brunei enjoy life completely in accordance with its name sejahtrera Darussalam (land of peace).
Per capita income of the country is among the highest in the world. Education and health care is provided free of charge by the government. Brunei Darussalam is a country in Southeast Asia's youngest country (independence in 1984 from Britain). Brunei Darussalam majority population is Muslim.
B. Religion Islam In America
1. Of Islam in America
Islam arrived in the Americas (likely) after the collapse of the Umayyads in Spain in 1492 AD, because they could not live under the pressure of King Ferdinand that choose to make a living in the new country. Other authors suspect that Islam arrived in the Americas by Columbus in his voyage guided by a navigator and crew who are Muslims from Andalusia or Morocco, or the existence of settlements Muslim prisoners around the 16th century until the 18th century. It should be acknowledged that the official record of this case has not been obtained, but the people of Africa and other (Muslim area) in the late 19th century many migrated to the United States and Canada with a variety of motives and goals, the more so after the American appeared as one one superpower then berdatanganlah Muslim students living there for some time.
2. Development of Islam in America
America is at once secular liberal democracy or the principle of separation between religion and state (sparation of church and state) but very broad giving religious freedom to his people. Originally considered Islam the religion of the Middle-Eastern immigrants or Pakistani who resides in several cities. Further increased so that it appears an Islamic force called "Black Moslem". Black Nmoslem founded by Elijah Muhammad in Chicago. As the name implies Black Moslem got a lot of followers, especially from those who were black. Black Moslem supported by black people and the fight for equal rights. Elijah Muhammad in his organization took the principles of the teachings of Islam that does not distinguish color.
During the development of Islamic religious leaders increasingly widespread. This was evidenced by the many figures who converted to Islam, like Malcolm a national figure as the American Negro orator Cassius Clay and former heavyweight boxing champion. Malcolm changed his name after converting to Islam Al-Hajj Malik Al-Sabah. Cassius Clay is being renamed to Muhammad Ali. Elijah preaching through the mass media publishes Muhammad Speak in 1960. He taught that God is present in private "wallace fard". Himself as the prophet Muhammad and Black Moslem. He died on 25 February and was succeeded his son Wallace Muhammad or Warisudin Muhammad. During the leadership Warisudin, Islam developed not only increased embraced by the people who were black, but thrive in the American national community. Teachings of Islam is that it conveys not only for black people, but all people of any color to his skin. He also held an update and align the teachings of the lack of proper, including
1. Settling in the field of dogma, he asserted that Fard Muhammad and Elijah Muhammad is not God not a prophet, he solidified the two sentences creed to his followers.
2. Tata tertibdi he fix the mosque, the first in which there are chairs as Christian influence was removed, also fasting in the month of December to be replaced with in the month of Ramadan.
In 1976 Walaace Mohammed (Mohammed Warisudin) change the name of the Nation of Islam to World Comunity of Islam in West. The name change was intended to target the teachings of Islam and the defendant wider scope. In the same year he was establishing an imam (Council of Imams) consists of six people who coordinate religious activities. Muhammad Speak magazine changed to Bilalian News took the name of Bilal bin Rabah companions.
On 30 April 1980 the organization World Comunity of Islam in West changed its name to the American Muslim Mission (AMM) to make it more clear the organization's mission as a missionary. Islamic Institute in Chicago are coming from churches that have been purchased. The building complete with a mosque, lecture hall, hall, dormitory, library, dining room and kitchen as project organization International Islamic Conference in Jeddah. In Los Angeles there are Islamic Center as a center for public religious services, Sunday school teaching children, Arabic language courses, and so forth. In Mansfield, Indianapolis States there is an organization called the Islamic Society of Nort of America (ISNA), which has a piece of land has an area of 100 hectares. On the land built a mosque that can accommodate 1000 worshipers complete with library, study room and so forth.
ISNA coordinating student organizations such as the Muslim Student Asociation (MSA), musli physician organizations, and Muslim scholars. MSA already has a publishing office where books, namely MSA Islamic Book Service, studio recording, producing films tv and printing. Magazine published called Al-Ijtihad (unity). California established a madrassa in Al-Madina, this madrasa in 1972 only had 42 children, but the next year increased to 105 children. This shows the development of Islam in there pretty good. In Al-Madina Islamic sciences were taught all religions, Arabic, amtematika and the Qur'an.
C. Islam in Europe
1. Islam entered Europe
Muslims are entering the European continent since the request for assistance by Yulian Graf nobleman West Gothia Geuta ruling in North Africa to the governor of North Africa Musa bin Nushair to help families "Witiza" face of the rebel army seized roderik singgasan Witiza in 710 AD
The request was subsequently delivered by Moses to the Caliph Walid bin Abdul Malik in Damascus, was granted by the message that Moses be careful. Then as a guard sent the first expedition of 200 men led Tharif bin Malik who landed in Tarifa. Moses assured the success Tharif will sooth Graf Yulian, shipped next choice forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad led a valiant commander through tanger city continues across the straits are malignant, which we now know the name of the strait Giblaltar (Jabal Tariq) to perpetuate the name of Tariq. Tahriq troops landed in Spain in the year 91 H (710 M) just when the concentration of troops into the region Roderik northern Spain to quell the rebellion. What's interesting is when it all Thariq troops had landed, burned all the ships with the intention that no troops who fled to retreat. In front of his troops with fiery he said:
"The enemy is in front of you and the sea behind you, which then whatever be your choice"
Tariq forces then easily master some of the fort. With such tactics, then there is no choice but to go forward into battle against an enemy multiplying. At the battle of Xeres Rodherik also killed which means clear the way towards further success. Successfully captured city after city, such as Cordova, Malaga, capital of the Toledo District of West Ghotia.
The success has prompted Tariq ibn Musa Nushair desire to catch up with him, by bringing as many as 10,000 additional troops he came to Spain. The two met in Toledo, as it had been a dispute, however, can be reconciled by the Caliph. Both work together to continue further into the city of Aragon, Castylia, Zaragoza and Barcelona up to the mountains till Pyrenia. In only 7 years of almost the entire Andalusia already be in the hands of the Muslims, except Glacia.
In the reign of the Umayyads in Damascus, Andalusia led by Amir (governor) of them by his own son Musa, Abdul Aziz. The collapse of the greatness of the Umayyads in Damascus with the descendants of the founding daulah Abbasyah under the leadership of Abdul Abbas As Safaf (blood shedders), based in Baghdad, which led to the whole family of the Umayyad Empire was crushed. However, one of the descendants of the Bani Umayyad, namely Abdur Rahman managed to escape and infiltrate into Spanish. There he founded the Umayyad Empire that survived since the 193-458 H (756-1065 AD).
Condition of Spanish society before Islam they embrace the Catholic religion, and Islam is widespread after not a few of those who embraced Islam voluntarily. Interfaith relations as long as it can run well because Islamic kings ruling gives freedom to profess their religion. Therefore, not surprising that there has been a mixing of blood as well, there were people yanng Arabic, Arabic customs mannered, though still embrace religion of their ancestors.
The existence of the Islamic empire in Spain is truly an intermediary once the torch of culture and civilization. Where the ancient science and philosophy rediscovered. In addition, Spain became a cultural center, as many scholars and students from all over the world gather to study in Granada, Cordova, Seville, and Toledo. In many cities of the leading scientists childbirth. Like Abdur Rabbi (leading writer), Ali ibn Hazn (author of 400 volumes of history, religion, logic, customs), Al Khatib (historian), Ibn Khaldun (philosopher known for his "Prolegomena"), Al Bakri and Al Idrisi (geographer), and Ibn Batuta was a famous wanderers who explored the lands of Islam in the world. Then the birth is also a philosopher to another, ie, Solomon ibn Gabirol, Abu Bakr Muhammad, Ibn Bajjah (12th century philosopher Aristotle pentafsir karya0karya), and Ibn Rushd (astrologers, as well as a physician and philosopher). The main contribution of Ibn Rushd in the field of medicine is encyclopedic book titled At Tibb Al Kuliyat fit, as well as a book of philosophy "Thahafut At Tahafut".
It should also be known that the role of Muslim women in Spain at that time not only take care of their kitchen, but they also gave a great contribution in the field of kesustraan, such Nazhun, Zaynab, Hamda, Hafsa, Al-Kalayyah, Safia and Marian from Seville (is a famous teacher). Women writers and women dokter0dokter, such Sysyah, Hasanah At Tamiyah and Umm ul Ula and many more. In the 12th century in Spain founded the first paper mill. The first memories of the event is the "Rim" through the word "Ralyme" (south of France) is taken from the Spanish "Risma" from the Arabic "Rizma" meaning bundle.
End of the rule of the Umayyads in Spain under the rule under Caliph Sulaiman, replaced by a small Islamic dynasties, such as Al-Murabithin, Al-Muhades (Almohads), and the sons of the kingdom ahmar. After eight centuries of Muslim control of Andalusia in the year 898 H (1492 AD). King Abdullah handed over the keys of Granada to Ferdinand leader of the Cross, which he subsequently occupied the Al Hambra palace, where before the Caliph Abdullah is willing to sign an agreement which consists of 72 chapters, among its contents, among others, Ferdinand will ensure the safety of the King of Bani Ahmar family life, as well as honor and wealth. In the meantime, religious freedom will be guaranteed against the Muslims who lived in Andalusia. However, the agreement later denied enumerated by Ferdinand himself and even king Abdullah urged all forces to convert to Christianity, expelled and refused jka their possessions confiscated.
The growth of Islamic religion in Europe today is quite difficult compared to preach in Asia-Africa, where people already secular, but because of the persistence of the preachers preach that the Islamic religion in its development both in quality and quantity. Especially after Paul Paul II opened the inter-religious dialogue, as did the Muslim leaders especially from Indonesia and the lifetimes of Pope John Paul II had invited Mneteri Religious Affairs to explain the practice of religious harmony in the country.
In Spain or Andalusia in 1975 a group of youths to Islam, they founded the Muslim community in Cordova. Then in 1978 they can perform Eid al-Adha prayers in Kathedtral (former mosque) after pleading permission Bishop of Cordoba Monseigneur Floredo Infantes. In fact, the mayor Tulio Anguila perform religious harmony theory. It offers Muslims use a city park with a large tent given for Eid al-Adha prayers and praying. There pre-run madrasa Dr. Umar Faruq Abdullah yng teach Arabic language, Qur'an sciences, tafsir, fiqh, hadith, and so forth.
In Belgium, the building also stands as a center of Islamic Center Islamic missionary activity. Muslims number about 150,000 people there. In 1980 in Brussels diselanggarakan Mukhtamar European Islam.
In Austria, the 15th century awala H. In 1979 the Islamic Center was opened in the city wina which can accommodate 30,000 worshipers, the mosque features jami ', Muslim's Social Service library, madrassa and residential priest. Islam religion officially recognized religion after Christianity.
In the Netherlands, in the city of Almelo has built a magnificent mosque. In this city also has set up a federation of Islamic organizations led by Abdul Wahid Van Bomel (native Dutch). Bomel fight for workers who are generally Muslims from South Asia and Africa in order to be given the opportunity to pray five times a day. On 14 October 1983 in the town Redderkerk built a mosque that can accommodate 500 worshipers include discussion rooms, a living room, a place of ablution, and so forth.
England, including one pretty good state Islamic development. This is supported by the pioneering work in the transfer of the Islamic University of Toledo in Spain to the UK. Since then England has the University of Cambridge and Oxford. Mozarabes one character who is very meritorious and active in spreading knowledge of Islam. He changed his name to Peter Al Ponsi, and he became court physician of King Henry I. Islamic Development done every holiday, Saturday and Sunday as well for children as well as adults. Several Muslim organizations in the UK.
1. The Islamic Council of Europe (European Islamic Majlis) serves as a watchdog of European culture.
2. The Union of Moslem Organization (Union of Islamic Organizations of England)
3. The Asociation of British Moslems (Muslim Association of Britain)
4. And Moslem Foundation Islamic Institute. Both are engaged in the research, consisting of the British people and immigrants
Built in central London Central Mosque (Grand Mosque) which completed construction in 1977 is located in Regents park, and can accommodate 4000 worshipers, equipped library and administrative space as well as social activities. In addition, British Muslims also buy a church for £ 85,000 in central London which will be the center of Islamic religious sciences education. Moslems here than the English themselves are also Arab immigrants, Turkey, Egypt, Cyprus, Yemen, Malaysia and others whose numbers ± 1 ½ million people (according to the records of The Union of Moslem Organization), and here Islam is the second religion after Christianity. The Qur'an was first introduced in the UK by Robert Katton that ditejemahkan into Latin. Then the first Arabic-English dictionary compiled EWLanes British scholar. This is also the land of Prince Charles appeared in 1985 a Muslim mayor Mohammed Ajeeb in Stradford England. And since then, the Muslim community and the students of the University of Oxford founded the "Center for the Study of Islam".
Roman Catholicism is the center of the country, there stands ± 917 Catholic churches, Protestant, ortodhox, greek or synagogue. The development of Islam in the land unlike other European countries. Nevertheless, since 1984 the Muslims succeeded in laying the first stone of a mosque in the park Morst dish in Pariali, namely an orderly area in Rome. During this time Muslims in Italy have a new mosque in the city of Catania Sicilia, and the middle of the mosque in 1995 Saudi Arabia's aid has inaugurated its use. The number of Muslims in Rome around 30,000 people, were in Italy (besides Rome) amounted to 29,000 worshipers.
D. Islam in Australia
1. Islam arrived in Australia
Islam arrived in Australia in the 19th century AD, brought by the nomads of Afghanistan who each take a trip armed with only a mat to pray. The Afghan nomads are able to establish long mosques in Broken Hill and New South Wales from wood, next to the Western Australian capital Perth and Adelaide the capital of Central Australia. 1924 entrants from Albania as a tobacco farmer in northern Australia increases the development of Islam here. Then after the end of World War II Yugoslav people who study in Central Australia led by Imam Ahmad Saka more intensified the construction of mosques in Adelaide as a center of religious activity. According to the 1975 statistics Australia has a population of 13.13 million people were 1% (132,000) are Muslims.
Development of Islam in Australia
a. Mosque construction
1) In the 20th century AD progression mosques in Austrlia was encouraging, because it was created by Australian architects themselves, such as 1907 Brisbone beautiful mosques founded by architect sharif Abosi and Ismeth Abidin.
2) Quesland founded in 1967 complete with the Islamic Center mosque led by Fethi Seit Mecca
3) In 1970 in Mareeba inaugurated the mosque which can accommodate 300 worshipers at Imam Haji Abdul Latif.
4) In the city Sarrey Hill built the Great Mosque Faisal help Saudi Arabia
5) In Sidney mosque was built at a cost of 900,000 U.S. dollas.
b. Place of Education
In Brisbone established "Quesland Islamic Society" to awaken the Muslim children prayers and improve the relationship. Their students from Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Turkey, Africa, Lebanon and Australia itself. Then in Goulbourn established "Goulbourn College of Advanced Education" which teacher education has spawned baccalaureate, master complete bachelor. Figures such as Dr Goulbourn College. El-Erian (escape from Egypt when Gamal Abdul Nasser in power).
c. Islamic organizations
1) Australian Federation of Islamic Councils (AFIC) is the set of Islamic councils based in Sydney Australia
2) The Federation of Islamic Societies is the Association of Muslim society, consists of 35 local Muslim community organizations and 9 boards Islamic states.
3) Student Asociation is Moslem Muslim Student Association which publishes the magazine "Al-Manaar" in Arabic, Australia and Mimaret (English)
4) Moslem Women's Center (center of Islamic women) that aims at providing Islamic lessons and English lessons for new Muslims who come to Australia are less fluent English.
E. Islam in Africa
1. Islam in Africa
Islam entered into mainland Africa during Caliph Umar bin Khattab, Amr bin Ash time appealed to the Caliph to expand the spread of Islam to Egypt because he saw that the Egyptian people have long suffered from being bullied by the Romans under King Muqauqis. So they are in need of a helping hand to free him from the oppression. Muqauqis actually interested about to convert to Islam after receiving a letter from the Prophet Muhammad. However, as more loving his throne as a mark of sympathy then he send gifts to the Prophet Muhammad.
In addition to the above reasons Amr bin Ash considers that the Egyptian military as well as perceived trade strategic location, fertile soil because there is the Nile as a source of food. So with the blessing of the Caliph Umar bin Khattab he freed Egypt from the Romans in the year 19 H (640 AD) to the present. He only brought 400 troops because most of them scattered in Persia and Syria. Thanks to good strategy and community support that release he managed to win the battles. At first entered the city of Al-Arisy and in this city there is no resistance, just after entering the Al-Farma, which is the gateway into Egypt to get resistance, by Amr bin Ash besieged city for 1 month. After Al-Farma fall, following the city also Bilbis, Tendonius, Ainu Sham to the fortress of Babylon (wax castles) which is the administrative center Muqauqis. At the time of going to invade Babylon who defended tooth and nail by the Muqauqis troops, reinforcements came 4,000 more troops led four famous commanders, namely Zubair bin Awwam, Mekdad bin Aswad, Ubadah bin Samit and Mukhollad thereby increasing the strength of the Muslim army was quite difficult to invade because the castle was surrounded by a river. Finally, in the year 22 H (642 AD) Muqauqis troops are willing to make peace with bi Amr Ash marking the end of Roman rule in Egypt.
2. Development of Islam in Africa
Pemabahasan the entry and development of Islam in Africa include some parts of the country, namely Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania, Nigeria, Mali, Ivory Coast, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Zambia and other-laannya. But that will be only partially addressed this time alone.
a. Egypt
Egypt was the first African region received an influx of Muslims in the continent, its population of approximately 42 million people, of which about Tigs million is what the rest of the Christian religion is Muslim. In fact, in the city of Alexandria is still awake all sorts of greatness Orthodox Christians without being bothered by the presence of Muslims. In Egypt there are eight universities among the famous to the rest of the world is Al-Azhar in Cairo, founded by Bani Fathimiyah in 972 AD There are many students who learned from around the world, including Indonesia, which mostly got a scholarship to study religion and public education such as medicine, and other techniques.
Meanwhile, the expanding influence of Islam in Tunisia region has occurred since the reign of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan years 23-35 H (644-656 AD) by Commander Abdullah bin Sa'ad bin Abi Sarah by destroying the Roman soldiers who had fallen in reputation. Thus forces Abdullah bin Sa'ad easily mastered. Being the entry of Islam into North Africa Maghribil Aqsa or after berdirnya daulah led Umayyad Caliph Walid bin Abdul Malik, who gave the task to the commander Musa bin Nushair who eventually appointed as the governor of the region.
b. Libya
Ghadafi Mouamar country is the hottest region in the Middle East, with an area of 1,795,540 km populous ± 3 million people made up of Arabs, Berbers and Palestine almost entirely Muslim. The people living from agriculture, and after the discovery of oil wells some of the population into high-quality workforce in this industry, the rest rely on foreign workers.
c. Nigeria
Nigeria is located in west Africa, including oil-rich countries are exported to the USA's second largest after Saudi Arabia. Population consists of various ethnic groups amounted to ± 90 million and 75% are Muslim and the rest Christian Animism. Countries that enjoy the influence of Islam in Africa and up to now the majority of the population are Muslims, among others, Morocco, Sudan, Al-Jazair, and Ethiopia.
Sources: http://hbis.wordpress.com/2007/12/11/perkembangan-islam-di-dunia/
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